Mercy Among Children

Benevolence Among Children recounts to the account of Sydney, a man who was isolated from his family for different reasons and who needed to discover available resources to battle off the forlornness that was starting to expend him. Publicizing We will compose a custom paper test on Mercy Among Children †The Story About Homesick explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More He had a feeling of trouble that originates from the pit of the stomach, that hurting for commonality that he knew to be pining to go home. It was hard for him to be away from his family for such a long time. It was later on that he found that by understanding books, he could feel that he was not, at this point alone. He was a glad man. He could never admit to others that he missed his family, nor that he needed to return home. Rather, he concealed his yearning to go home by understanding books. The books broke his feeling of separation. His character clarified inside the story that when one is under standing books: †¦ you are not the only one †even along this wrecked tractor street. You have to know nothing else. (Leniency Among The Children) Whether he let it out to himself or not, he missed his family. To cite from the story itself: †¦ he was all set home. He would walk nine miles out to the interstate and catch the transport back to the Miramichi. Tomorrow evening he would be with Elly once more. he would hold and kiss Percy. He thought of the miles in front of him and they appeared to be an affront; he needed them to be gone in a second. (Kindness Among The Children) The aching for the love and care of his family was the wellspring of his pining to go home. However he attempted to remain away for three long years so he could give a superior future to them. He relinquished his own bliss for them. Publicizing Looking for paper on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Homesickness was a perpetual sickness for him and he realized that the main fix was to at long last return home to the individuals he thought about and cherished him back. Presently, Sydney wound up prepared and especially eager to return home, and return home he did. Being an understudy who is right now living in an outside land, I find mysel ffully relating to the bitterness that Sydney felt. Some of the time, pining to go home gets horrendous,. Despite the fact that I realize that I am doing this for my and my family’s future, it doesn't diminish the pining that I have for my family. This was another world for me. It was world where I scarcely communicated in and comprehended the language, nor did I have any companions. Time has not changed my yearning for the nearness of my family in my every day life. Presently I understand that the idiom â€Å"You never recognize what you had till you lose it† is valid. I used to underestimate my mom and father’s care for conceded. I got so used to ha ving them there for me all the time that it has gotten practically unthinkable for me to change in accordance with existence without them, without the common luxuries that home offered me. In this world, I manage with calls to my family, hearing their uplifting statements and solace that are intended to keep me solid †yet just debilitate my purpose not to miss them all the while. Nowadays, I don't have the unlimited help of my family to depend on. I am continually encircled by individuals but then I feel so alone and forlorn. I get it is as of now evident that simply like Sydney in the story, I am devoured by achiness to go home and wish to no end more than to at last return home to the caring grasp of my mom and father. The main thing that invigorates me the to go on with my life here, is the information that in the end, I will be back home in Cambodia, and my nostalgia will at last reach a conclusion. It is difficult to be nostalgic. It requires a ton of exertion to get past the day when you are managing it. Yet, much the same as Sydney, you will figure out how to cause the dejection to disappear. At that point it won’t hurt so a lot and you can have a similarity to a real existence. Until the opportunity arrives when you can at long last go home.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Mercy Among Children †The Story About Homesick explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper on Mercy Among Children †The Story About Homesick was composed and put together by client Lorenzo Pierce to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Meronyms and Holonyms

Definition and Examples of Meronyms and Holonyms In semantics, aâ meronym is a word that signifies a constituent part or an individual from something. For instance, apple is a meronym of apple tree (here and there composed as appleapple tree). This part-to-entire relationship is called meronymy. Descriptive word: meronymous. Meronymy isn't only a solitary connection yet a heap of various part-to-entire connections. Something contrary to a meronym is a holonym-the name of the entire of which the meronym is a section. Appletree is a holonym of (apple treeapple). The entire to-part relationship is called holonymy. Descriptive word: holonymous. EtymologyFrom the Greek, part name Models and Observations [I]n one setting finger is a proper meronym of hand, and in different cases tissue is a fitting meronym of hand. Finger and tissue, notwithstanding, are not co-meronyms of hand, since various social measures (practical part versus material) are applied in each case.(M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms. Cambridge University Press, 2003)​ Kinds of Meronym Relationships At one level meronyms can be isolated into two types:â necessary and discretionary (Lyons 1977), in any case called accepted and facilitative (Cruse, 1986). A case of an important meronymy is eyeface. Having an eye is a vital state of a very much framed face, and regardless of whether it is evacuated, an eye is as yet a face part. Discretionary meronymy incorporates models like cushionchair-there are seats without pads and pads that exist autonomously of seats. (Compact Encyclopedia of Semantics, ed. by Keith Allan. Elsevier, 2009)Meronymy is a term used to depict a section entire connection between lexical things. Hence spread and page are meronyms of book. . . .Meronyms differ . . . in how important the part is to the entirety. Some are essential for typical models, for instance, nose as a meronym of face; others are common yet not required, similar to neckline as a meronym of shirt; still, others are discretionary like basement for house.(John I. Saeed, Semantics, second ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003)In numerous ways, meronymy is fundamentally more confounded than hyponymy. The Wordnet databases determine three sorts of meronym relationships:(Jon Orwant, Games, Diversions, and Perl Culture. OReilly Associates, 2003) Part meronym: a tire is a piece of a carMember meronym: a vehicle is an individual from a traffic jamSubstance (stuff) meronym: a wheel is produced using rubber​ Synecdoche and Meronym/Holonymy The two commonlyâ acknowledged variations of synecdoche, part for the entire (and the other way around) and family for species (and the other way around), discover their correspondence in the phonetic ideas of meronymy/holonymy and hyponymy/hypernymy. A meronym signifies a word or other component that along with different components establishes an entirety. In this manner, bark, leaf, and branch are meronyms of the holonym tree. A hyponym, then again, signifies a word that has a place with a subset whose components are all things considered summed up by a hypernym. In this way, tree, blossom, bramble are hyponyms of the hypernym plant. A first perception to be made hereâ is that these two ideas portray connections on various levels: meronymy/holonymy depicts a relationship betweenâ elements of material objects. It is the referential article leafâ which in extralingual realityâ forms a piece of the entire tree. Hyponymy/hypernymy, by contrast,â refers to a connection between ideas. Blossoms and trees are mutually named plants. however, in extralingual reality, there is no plant that comprises of blossoms and trees. In different words, the primary relationship is extralingual, the subsequent relationship is theoretical. (Sebastian Matzner, Rethinking Metonymy: Literary Theory and Poetic Practice From Pindar to Jakobson. Oxford University Press,â 2016)

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Business enterprise - Essay Example Palmer is found to treat the individuals selected as general accomplices who might assist him with managing the assets. In the event that he would have regarded his accomplices as restricted, the whole weight of reserve the executives had fallen on him. In this way, he can be taken for instance of a genuine business person in advancing a decent collaboration. The contextual investigation of Maclean Palmer can be viewed as a perfect model for business enterprise in the Venture Capital market. Maclean Palmer by deficiency in the field of private value speculation is discovered fruitful in recognizing a business opportunity and working out an arrangement to investigate the open door refered to. His choice to plan the 200 million US Dollars on Equity Investment originated from his enthusiasm to take a shot at the territory of minority business advancement. To this end, Palmer supposedly invites recommendations from Wanda Felton of Credit Suisse First and David Mazza of Grove Street Advisors to pick up business mastery. Palmer considers the mix of aptitude of the researcher minds with his rich experience of the value showcase as an effective alternative in business enterprise. It is seen that the majority of the minority business chiefs selected were from business colleges like Wharton and Harvard. Besides, with the proposal of Felton senior b usiness officials were additionally taken in. Felton in this setting watches the marriage of the youthful and researcher minds with experienced individuals will absolutely make ready to business achievement. Palmer is found to give more significance on his kin as opposed to on the experience and capability parameters. He is seen to give extensive worry to shape a situation of unconstrained collaboration. Concerning the open door refered to by Maclean Palmer, David Mazza of Grove Street Advisors expresses that the choice to move into non-conventional speculation sources was a productive business choice taken by Maclean Palmer. It is on the grounds that as Mazza

The Culture Industry, The Machine of X-Factor - 3025 Words

The Culture Industry, The Machine of X-Factor (Term Paper Sample) Content: Do you agree with Adorno that the "culture industry" produces standardized commodities? If you do agree with Adornoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s claim, what would art works or photographs have to do to avoid becoming commodities? If you disagree, give examples of artifacts/forms of cultural production/types of photographic practice which, to your mind, are "popular" yet resistant to or critical of the dominant (capitalist) mode of production.[Name of Student][Name of Institution][Date]Theodor Adorno- An IntroductionTheodor Adorno is considered as one of the leading philosophers and thinkers of 20th century. Although Adorno has written on an extensive range of different topics and subjects, but his primary and major concern was to deal with the subject matter of human deterioration and suffering. CITATION Bri13 \l 1033 (O'Connor, 2013) He has deeply researched the effect of advances societies upon the condition of human beings. Adorno was prominently impressed by personalities such as Marx, Hegel and Nietzsche. He was majorly associated with The Institute for Social Research, located in Frankfurt School. CITATION And \l 1033 (Fagan, n.d.)Adorno is more famous across the globe for his analysis of the culture industry. He has noticed that the societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s entertainment business is day by day getting formulaic, mechanical and dominating, just like any other regular workplace. Adorno has further asserted that the individuals of the advanced society are highly organized at their work places as well as in their idle hours. CITATION Lam11 \l 1033 (Zuidervaart, 2011) Undoubtedly these individuals are highly willing to avoid the boredom and uniformity of their organizations; these people are simply altering to one more part of machine, which is from a manufacturer to a consumer. So according to Adorno, there is not a little bit of chance left for those individuals, to become free and independent individuals and thus participate in forming their societies; both a t play or at their workplaces.Production of Standardized Commodities by the Culture IndustryThe Culture IndustryThe different objections and the criticism of Theodor Adorno regarding the culture industry are highly valid in reference to the present culture of the consumers. The expression of culture industry was adopted by Adorno for arguing the means by which several items of a culture were being manufactured. The production of those items was very much similar to the way in which some other large industries produce huge amount of goods for their consumers. So, the culture industry was also displaying the character of some production line, which can highly be viewed in the planned and synthetic method of producing the cultural products. CITATION Fab10 \l 1033 (Durao, 2010)The Machine of X-FactorThe concept of culture industry has been linked by Adorno to a particular model of culture which was extensively publicized with the help of mass media. In such model of culture, the cultur al manufacturing was a standardized and a repetitive practice. As a result of this practice, many undemanding and unpleasant cultural products were being produced. The overall effect of this situation was that, a particular type of utilization came into existence. This utilization was also distracted, standardized and passive in nature. CITATION Owe13 \l 1033 (Hatherley, 2013)Who is in Commanding PositionAdornoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s concept of cultural manufacturing has frequently been displayed by many critics as a pessimistic moaning of a cultural pretender, who was highly shocked at what he detected to be the uniformity and obscenity of the taste of majority of society. CITATION Deb96 \l 1033 (Cook, 1996) Many critics had condemned Adorno that he was primarily concerned with the fact that the capability for artistic imagination and innovation in music, painting and literature had been corrupted and co-opted by different methods of production and various administrative systems of industri al and factory capitalism.But the reality is that a supreme form of authority is being enjoyed by the capitalist business. The innovative artists as well as the consumers cannot be distinguished from this capitalist business. In fact they are directly related to this production system. So, Adorno has emphasized the economic possession and economic control structures of the ways by which several cultural commodities are manufactured. Adorno has asserted that it also immediately forms the activities of innovative artists and their buyers. CITATION WES13 \l 1033 (Phillips, 2013)Everything Uncommon Thing should be RejectedThe way in which the culture industry worked is very much similar to several other production industries. The culture industry has also adopted the sole mission of forming money. The each and every work done in the culture industry is formalized and the industry is producing commodities according to the justified organizational policies. The symbol of the production line was utilized to emphasis the routine and repetitive status of cultural manufacturing. CITATION Lea13 \l 1033 (Leannacatherina, 2013)StandardizationEvery single commodity belonging to the culture industry displayed features that are pretty much uniformed and standardized. It gives strength to the argument that now there is nil originality and authenticity in the system of producing cultural commodities. The cultural manufacturing can now easily be called a regular and an unexceptional operation. It is simply just a routine action that is performed at a work place by applying a particular formula. CITATION Dav11 \l 1033 (Darbyshire, 2011)Even the ever green and the most popular songs were also frequently mentioned as benchmarks, a group that evidently dragged curiosity to their conventional character. A huge number of songs were grounded on monotonous sequences and commonly repeated refrains. The logic behind all such repetitions was the commercial reasoning, as it will help th e song to establish itself on listenerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mind and hence stimulate the purchase.This argument is regarded as extremely relevant and valid even today. There are a lot of songs that are very much predictable as compared to other songs.Pseudo IndividualityThe image of the key and the lock was also evoked by Adorno- a commodity that is produced in mass quantity, but its individuality consists in slight modifications. Adorno presented a critical analysis of the term Pseudo Individuality. It means the different ways by which the culture industry manufactures commodities. All of these commodities claim to be highly original and unique. But a critical analysis of these commodities clearly shows little more than cosmetic differences. CITATION Dav06 \l 1033 (Khabaz, 2006)Adorno maintains that culture industry can be very easily exploited by the undemocratic governments and the capitalist organizations. The culture industry also permits people to convert into masses. Thus a very stro ng argument related to the culture arises. When culture is controlled by the structure and the capitalist organizations, then it just turns into a formulaic, standardized and a repetitive component of that sort of culture which is extensively propagated by means of the mass media. CITATION Mar08 \l 1033 (Danesi, 2008) This type of culture does not contain any pleasant value and it results in a very particular sort of consumption which is obedient, passive and can easily be exploited for achieving the cause of advertising or propaganda.Photography- A CommodityIn recent times, many critics are of the opinion that the phenomenon of commodification is occurring in the world of photography too. The commodity can be defined as a product which contains similar attributes and it is of no importance that who has produced it. CITATION Cat08 \l 1033 (Waters, 2008) The thought of commodification is a frightening one. CITATION Wha12 \l 1033 (Anon., 2012) It clearly means that people are conte sting upon price and are rushing towards the bottom. But this fact has to be accepted that commodification canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t be stopped, as it is a real market procedure. It has to be understood that when a particular productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s improvement overshoots the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needs, the phenomenon of commodification takes place. In recent times, most of the clients give very little importance to the superior photography techniques and better photography equipment, except for a few art lovers. The process of commoditization always demolishes an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s capability to acquire profits by compromising differentiability, while o the other hand; de- commoditization provides several opportunities for capturing and creating potentially gigantic wealth.This gives rise to the question that, does the art of photography still possess any worth for its spectators? But how it is possible for someone to regard photography as a commodity? For instance, the image of every singl e photographer who takes picture of Delicate Arch will be unique and absolutely different from each other. So it can be said that it is the structure of the pricing, the marketing and the sense of value, which have turned the photography into a commodity.Do Buyers Possess a Real Value Sense?The modern day buyers are obviously smart enough, and that is the reason they rush towards the low priced models which are royalty free. No price swapping, the image can be used for every single campaign and most importantly on the expiration of the license; there is no fees for reuse. CITATION Cha10 \l 1033 (Borland, 2010)Should Buyers Be Blamed?One model example is Time Magazineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s notorious cover of spring 2009. The prediction is that the Time Magazine mostly pays 3000 Dollars for the image on its cover page, but in spring 2009, the magazine has given 30 Dollars for such image. This situation has ...

Child Transmission Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )...

Introduction Prevention of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PMTCT) has been a documented burden on HIV infected expectant mothers and their infants and nowhere is such a burden more felt than in areas with limited resources – particularly in low income countries and communities (3,4). Once a woman becomes pregnant, HIV screening is strongly recommended. Upon screening and being identified as HIV positive, it is advised that the mother begin a lifetime regime of antiretroviral therapy (ART), as without ART, HIV transmission from mother to child is between 15% - 45% (3,4). The prophylactic use of ART in the prenatal and postpartum stages is crucial in preventing transmission of the virus from mother to child during labour and while breastfeeding (11). It is also crucial that the newborn be treated with ART for at least six weeks or longer if the infant is being breastfed (11). The aim of the evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of an intervention which introduced a satellite maternal care clinic into a remote area. Healthcare outcomes in some remote communities in Canada are well below the national average health outcomes. As a result, a cluster of remote towns surrounding Lac Seul in Northern Ontario, Canada has recently had a satellite clinic implemented with the hope to improve healthcare outcomes. Of interest, is the introduction the clinic into the community, with a primary focus on maternal health and the uptake of anShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 21523 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 HIV-II Discovered and Isolated In 1985, serological evidence was presented which suggested a virus closely related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) infected a man in Senegal West Africa (Barin, M’Boup, Denis 1985). At that time, Senegal, West Africa was a region where AIDS and AIDS-related diseases had been observed (Barin, M’Boup, Denis 1985). The results of the serological evidence suggested that certain healthy Senegalese people were exposedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And The Body s Natural Defense System1688 Words   |  7 Pages12/12/15 Mrs. Tucci Human Immunodeficiency Virus â€Å"HIV also known as human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body s natural defense system.† When a person has a weak immune system as oppose to a strong immune system the body has a hard time fighting off the disease. The HIV virus and the infection that it causes is called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. One of the major symptoms and by far the worst is when HIV infects and destroysRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is A Serious Infectious Disease1374 Words   |  6 Pages There is currently no cure for HIV. Although, the human immunodeficiency virus is treatable, there is currently no vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Once a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus will be in that person body for the rest of their life. Research indicates that once a person becomes diagnose with HIV, denial, acute depression, and anxiety are all forms of responses (Rubenstein, Sorrentino, 2008). In order to develop aRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And The Body s Natural Defense System1285 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Benji Longmore 12/12/15 HIV also known as human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body s natural defense system. When someone has a weak immune system as oppose to a strong immune system the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV infects and destroys certain white blood cells. If too many white blood cells areRead MoreThe Health Problem Of Aids1652 Words   |  7 Pages Getting to Know HIV Alberto Macias ID#: 58522456 PH 1- Dr. Bic November 8, 2015 Public Health Problem HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It attacks the t-cells in the human body and when it destroys so many, it leads to a disease called AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the final stage of the HIV infection. HIV is one of the few viruses that is yet to be curable, so once you contract it, you have it for life. It affects the cells of theRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1416 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been scouring the planet for over three decades. It has a powerful ability to deteriorate a human body in a small length of time. This deadly virus attacks the human body’s immune system and can only survive in the human as its host. The virus is only contracted through body fluid exchange, for example, vaginal fluid, semen, intravenous drug users, and sexual intercourse is the most common way of contracting it. The virus attacks the T cells (type of whiteRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1289 Words   |  6 Pagesthe illness due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the causative agent. Historically, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is thought to have mutated from the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that is found in West African Chimpanzees. The transmission of SIV to HIV may have occurred as a result of hunting practices that did not protect one against infected blood. The first known patient to have been infected with HIV-1 was a Congolese man in 1959 (1). And since then, the virus has marked many continentsRead MoreEssay on HIV/AIDS and Modern Medical Inventions1399 Words   |  6 Pagesis a rapid advancement in medical inventions, still the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most challenging virus that will drag the human lives to the deadly disease acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It spreads its wings all over. HIV cannot be cured, but it can be prevented. It has become the greatest life threatening disease and affects unbelievably high percent of human beings. Nowadays, besides other deadly diseases, HIV/AIDS becomes more complex and cr ucial health issue thatRead MoreAids : A Relatively New Disease1743 Words   |  7 Pagesliving with HIV and around 370 000 new cases a year, according to the UNAIDS Global report from 2013. Though major cities like Jonesburg are vastly developed, much of the country still remains rural, which aids in the spread of the disease. The country has the largest retroviral program in the world but 240 000 people are dying of AIDS related disease each year1. Understanding the social construction and causation of the disease is vital for devising a plan to help combat the spread of HIV in SouthRead MoreHiv / Aids : The Virus And Its Effect On Human1547 Words   |  7 Pages HIV/AIDS: The Virus and Its Effect on Human Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It is contracted through unprotected sex or needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications may subdue the virus and delay the onset of AIDS. HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source clear-sightedness

Jfk, An American Thriller Directed By Oliver Stone

JFK, an American thriller directed by Oliver Stone, arrived in theaters in December of 1991. The movie scrutinizes the series of events that culminated in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy and the ensuing cover-up perceived through the eyes of former New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, who is played by renowned American actor, Kevin Costner. Some years following President Kennedy’s assassination, Jim Garrison filed charges against New Orleans entrepreneur Clay Shaw, who is played by actor Tommy Lee Jones. Clay Shaw was accused of allegedly conspiring against and contributing to a plot to murder President John F. Kennedy, for which Lee Harvey Oswald, portrayed by Gary Oldman, was found to be the assassin by two government†¦show more content†¦JFK was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two awards, one for best cinematography and the other for best film editing. The opening of the film starts off with media footage, including the farewell address in 1961 of outgoing President Dwight Eisenhower warning about the build-up of the military-industrial complex. Following thereafter, a summary of John F. Kennedy’s years as president, emphasizing the events that, in Stone s thesis, would lead up to his assassination. As the movie progresses it builds to a reconstruction of the assassination on November 22, 1963. New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison had doubts about the events that led up to and followed John F. Kennedy’s assassination. Garrison learned about possible leads that could have participated in the assassination of Kennedy through mutual acquaintances but he and his team were forced to abandon further investigation into those leads because Lee Harvey Oswald was detained as the assassin that killed the President. Unfortunately, before any real truth could be revealed about Oswald’s part in the assassination he wa s shot and killed by Jack Ruby. After Lee Harvey Oswald was killed, Jack Ruby was detained by the FBI and was not allowed to have visitors. Jim Garrison and his team decided to cease the investigation despite the fact that they felt uneasy about how the events revolved around President Kennedy’s

Civil War Flags Essay Example For Students

Civil War Flags Essay The Color Bearer Tradition The War Between the States was the heyday of American battleflags and theirbearers. With unusualhistorical accuracy, many stirring battle paintings showthe colors and their intrepid bearers in the forefront of the fray or as arallying point in a retreat. The colors of a Civil War regiment embodied itshonor, and the men chosen to bear them made up an elite. Tall, muscular menwere preferred, because holding aloft a large, heavy banner, to keep itvisible through battle smoke and at a distance,demanded physical strength. Courage was likewise required to carry a flaginto combat, as the colors â€Å"drew lead like a magnet.† South Carolina’sPalmetto Sharpshooters, for example, lost 10 out of 11 of its bearers andcolor guard at the Battle of Seven Pines, the flag passing through four handswithout touching the ground. Birth and Early Life in Charleston Born in Charleston in 1824, Charles Edmiston and his twin sister, Ellen Ann,were the third son and s econd daughter, respectively, of newspaper editorJoseph Whilden and his wife, Elizabeth Gilbert Whilden. The births of twomore sons, Richard Furman in 1826 and William Gilbert in 1828, would completethe family, making seven children in all. Young Charles’ roots ran deep intothe soil of the lowcountry. His Whilden ancestors had settled in theCharleston area in the 1690’s, and an ancestor on his mother’s side, the Rev. William Screven, had arrived in South Carolina even earlier, establishing theFirst Baptist Church of Charleston in 1683, today the oldest church in theSouthern Baptist Convention. Like many Southerners who came of age in thelate antebellum period, CharlesWhilden took pride in his ancestors’ role in the American Revolution,especially his grandfather, Joseph Whilden, who, at 18, had run away from hisfamily’s plantation in Christ Church Parish to join the forces underBrigadier General Francis â€Å"Swamp Fox† Marion fighting the British. At the time of Charles’ birth, the family of Joseph and Elizabeth Whildenlived comfortably in their home on Magazine Street, attended by their devotedslave, Juno Waller Seymour, a diminutive, energetic black woman known asâ€Å"Maumer Juno† to four generations of the Whilden family. Raisedby Maumer Juno from the cradle, Charles soon developed a strong attachment tothe woman an attachment that would endure to the end o f his life. Theprosperity of Joseph Whilden and his family would prove less enduring,however, and business reversals, beginning in the late 1820’s, combined withJoseph’s stroke a few years later and his eventual death in 1838, wouldreduce his family to genteel poverty. To help make ends meet, Maumer Junotook in ironing. Despite a lack of money for college, young Charles managedto obtain a good education. Details about Charles’ schooling are sketchy, butthe polished prose of his surviving letters reflects a practiced hand and acultivated intellect. Charles’ admission to the South Carolina bar atColumbia in 1845 is further evidence of a triumph of intellect and effortover financial adversity. In the closing decades of the antebellum period, when Charles Whilden wasgrowing up in Charleston, the city was the commercial and cultural center ofthe lowcountry as well as South Carolina’s manufacturing center and mostcosmopolitan city. By the time Charles Wh ilden reached adulthood, however,the Charleston economy was in decline, and the city’s population wouldactually diminish during the decade of the 1850’s. Not surprisingly, after abrief attempt to establish a law practice in Charleston, Attorney Whildenchose to seek his fortune outside his home town. But the practice of law inthe upcountry town of Pendleton also failed to pan out for Whilden. Confronted with a major career decision, Whilden elected not only to leavethe law but also to leave the Palmetto State for the north. The 1850 federal censustakers found Charles Whilden living in a boardinghouse in Detroit, Michigan, where he worked as a clerk, probably in anewspaper office. Speculation in copper stocks and land on Lake Superior soonleft Charles deeply in debt to his youngest brother, William, who had builtup a successful merchandising business back home in Charleston. Desperate toget out of debt, and perhaps longing for adventure, in the spring of 1855Charles Whilden signed on as a civilian employee of the U.S. Army. After anarduous two-month trek from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, Whilden arrived in theold Spanish city of Santa Fe, New Mexico Territory, on August 27, 1855, wherehe took up his duties as civilian private secretary to the local garrisoncommander, Colonel John Breckinridge Grayson of Kentucky, who would laterserve the Confederacy as a brigadier general in Florida. Life in New Mexico Territory When Whilden arrived in Santa Fe, the city had been under U.S. jurisdictionfor only a few years, and the population was overwhelmingly Hispanic andRoman Catholic, causing the Baptist Whilden to complain, in an early letterto his brother William in Charleston, that â€Å"there are so many Saints daysamong these Hottentots, that it is hard to recollect them.† So isolated wasSanta Fe from the U.S. that mail reached the city only once a month fromMissouri. Looking on the bright side of his cultural and geographic isolationin New Mexico Territory, in a letter written in May 1856 Charles expressedhis intention to William to remain in New Mexico until â€Å"I have paid up all mydebts, for I can do it better out here, than in the States, as there are noconcerts, Theatres, White Kid Gloves, Subscriptions to Charities or churches,or gallivanting the ladies on Sleigh rides and c to make a man’s money fly.† Whilden’s duties as Co lonel Grayson’s secretary were relatively light,leaving him ample time for other pursuits perhaps too much time for his ownfinancial good. His April 30, 1857 letter home to Charleston states: â€Å"Inaddition to the offices I hold in this Territory of Warden of a MasonicLodge, President of a Literary Society, member of a Territorial DemocraticCentral Committee c †¦, I have lately added that of Farmer.† Dreaming ofmaking enough money to satisfy his debts to William and to establish a lawpractice in Texas, Charles had purchased a 16 acre truck farm near Sante Fe,establishing his claim as a â€Å"farmer.† Alas, the farm would prove to beunprofitable. In his spare time, Whilden also occasionally edited the Santa Fe newspaperwhen the regular editor was busy. During the Presidential election campaignof 1856, Whilden penned an editorial supporting the renomination of PresidentFranklin Pierce, a pro-Southern Democrat, and he expressed the hope in aletter to Willia m that Pierce would be re-elected and â€Å"give me a fat office.†Whilden’s hope for a political sinecure also proved to be a dream. Marriage was another unrealized dream. After his own marriage in 1850,William Whilden badgeredhis elder brother to end his bachelorhood and tosettle down. In December 1854, when he was stillin Detroit and aged 30, afriend had tried to interest Charles in marrying his fiftyish, red-headedaunt. Seizing the opportunity to turn the tables on William, Charles wrote toWilliam not to be surprised if he married the woman and took up William onhis standing offer to permit Charles to honeymoon at William’s stylish newhome in Charleston. Whatever romantic aspirations Charles may haveentertained when he arrived in New Mexico, the dearth of eligible women inthe territory soon quashed. In a letter to William written seven months afterhis arrival in Santa Fe, Charles could count only six unmarried Americanladies in all of New Mexico, none of whom , however, lived in Santa Fe. However boring it may have been, life in Santa Fe also afforded Whilden timefor puffing his meerschaum pipe, reading his subscriptions to the pepperyCharleston Mercury newspaper and thehighbrow Russells Magazine and reflectingon the mounting sectional tensions of the prewar years. In a letter toWilliam dated March 26, 1856, Charles complained that the â€Å"Government isbecoming more abolition every day† and he predicted that the â€Å"Union may lasta few years longer, but unless a decided change takes place in Northernpolitics, it must at last go under.† The War Begins Events would prove Whilden correct. On December 20, 1860, delegates to theso-called Secession Convention, meeting in Institute Hall in downtownCharleston, only a short distance from Charles Whilden’s boyhood home onMagazine Street, unanimously adopted the Ordinance of Secession, taking SouthCarolina out of the Union. The bombardment of Fort Sumter in CharlestonHarbor four months later heralded the beginning of the shooting war. A lesser man than Charles Whilden might have been content to sit out the warin New Mexico Territory. After all, Whilden had been gone from the South formore than a decade. He was fast approaching 40. Whilden’s frequentdenunciations of abolitionism in his letters were based on principle, notpolitical expediency or financial self-interest. Apart from a nominal,undivided interest in his beloved Maumer Juno that he shared with hissiblings, Charles held no slave property. Furthermore, he was more than 1,000miles from South Carolina, with little money for travel. But Charles Whildenwas no ordinary man. Undeterred by the obstacles confronting him, Whildenresolved to answer South Carolina’s call to arms. According to a reminiscencewritten in 1969 by his grand niece, Miss Elizabeth Whilden Hard ofGreenville, South Carolina, the â€Å"only way he could get back to Charleston wasby the Bahamas, and on his way back to Charleston the ship was wrecked,he spent some time in an open boat, suffered sunstroke, and as a result hadepileptic attacks.† The date of Whilden’s harrowing return to Charleston is conjectural, as noneof his correspondence from the early war years has survived, but the likelydate is late 1861 or early 1862. Whilden’s Confederate service records in theNational Archives in Washington, D.C. commence with his enlistment in 1864,but Miss Hard’s reminiscence may be correct that her Great Uncle Charlesâ€Å"enlisted a number of times, but when he had an epileptic attack would bedischarged. Then he would go somewhere else and enlist again.† Confederateservice records are notoriously incomplete, and it stands to reason thatCharles Whilden would not have risked life and limb returning to Charlestononly to avoid military service once home. Irrespective of whether or not he had seen prior service, Whilden demonstrably enlisted â€Å"for the war† at C harleston on February 6, 1864, as aprivate in Company I (known as the Richardson Guards) of the 1st Regiment,South Carolina Volunteers. Lieutenant Wallace Delph enlisted Whilden, and thelieutenant can be forgiven if he looked askance at his new recruit. By moststandards, Whilden was a marginal recruit. Though intelligent and patriotic,Whilden was also in his 40th year, the red hair of his youth turned grey. Hisurban background and string of sedentary occupations better suited him fora Richmond clerkship than active service in the field. On top of everythingelse, Whilden was epileptic. Whilden’s new regiment was a proud outfit. The 1st Regiment, South Carolina Volunteers, was known popularly as â€Å"Gregg’s lst SouthCarolina† after its first colonel, Maxcy Gregg, in order to distinguishthe regiment from several other South Carolina infantry regiments alsoidentified numerically as the â€Å"lst Regiment.† The successor to a regimentorganized by Col. Gregg in December 1860 for six-months service, the 1stRegiment, SCV, was arguably the very first Rebel infantry regiment. At thetime of Whilden’s enlistment, the regiment was part of Brigadier GeneralSamuel McGowan’s brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. At one time partof A.P. Hill’s vaunted Light Division, McGowan’s South Carolinians had won areputation for hard fighting on many a bloody field. That reputation wasshortly to be put to its sternest test at a strategic Virginia crossroadsvillage known as Spotsylvania Court House. The Fight at the Mule Shoe Following his repulse at the Wilderness on May 5 and 6, 1864, Union Generalin Chief Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Army of the Potomac to move southeastabout 12 miles to the vicinity of Spotsylvania Court House (NPS Web Site),hoping to get between the Army of Northern Virginia and Richmond. GeneralRobert E. Lee, however, was quicker, and elements of the Confederate FirstCorps arrived at Spotsylvania Court Ho use just ahead of the Federals. Overthe next few days a series of collisions in the area occurred as both sidestook up positions and brought up additional units. The Army of NorthernVirginia settled into a defensive line at Spotsylvania that bulgednorthward in the center to form a salient or â€Å"mule-shoe,† with elements ofLieutenant General Richard Ewell’s Second Corps defending the mule-shoe. At first light on May 12, nearly 19,000 men of the Union II Corps, takingadvantage of ground fog, attacked the tip or apex of the mule-shoe, quicklyoverwhelming Major General Edward Johnson’s 4,000-man division defending theapex. Once inside the mule-shoe, the Federals threatened to advance southwardlike a tidal wave. Only their own disorganization and a series of desperateConfederate counterattacks halted the Union advance before it resulted in ageneral rout. With most of Johnson’s Division dead or prisoners, a considerable segment ofthe works inside the apex of the mule-shoe was unoccupied by any Confederatetroops. To correct this, General Lee forwarded two brigades from the ThirdCorps, Harris’s Mississippians and McGowan’s South Carolinians, during themid-morning hours of the 12th. With a cheer and at the double quick,McGowan’s Brigade advanced towards the tip of the mule-shoe in support ofHarris’s Brigade, sloshing through rain and mud and under heavy fire. At the head of each of the brigade’s five regiments, two soldiers carried theregimental state flag and the national battleflag. The blue silk state flagfeatured a palmetto tree encircled with a wreath of oak and laurel leaves;the national battleflag displayed the familiar blue, starred St.Andrew’scross dividing a red field. When the regular color bearer was shot, Whildeninsisted upon bearing his regiment’s national colors into the fight, althoughhe was not a member of Company K, the regiment’s color company. LieutenantJames Arms trong, the commander of CompanyK and Whilden’s messmate, relented,though, according to Armstrong’s postwar account, Whilden was â€Å"feeble inhealth and totally unfitted for active service†¦. In fact, he was stumblingat every step.† Watching Whilden struggle to keep up with his command,Armstrong offered to relieve Whilden of the flag and to carry it himself. Frees - The Metamorphosis of Holden in Salli EssayGiven to Whilden when he was furloughed to Charleston in August 1864, theflag was in his possession when he died about two years thereafter. About 15 years after the war, Edward McCrady, Jr., a prominent Charlestonlawyer who had captained the color company of Gregg’s 1st South Carolinaearly in the war and had later risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel of theregiment, petitioned William Whilden to turn over the battleflag that he hadinherited from his brother Charles. McCrady had possession of the regiment’sblue state colors, and he professed a desire to reunite the two flags. In aletter written on New Year’s Day, 1880, McCrady pled his best case, pointingout that his regiment had carried the battleflag â€Å"in every battle until May1864? and that, for years during the war, he had â€Å"lived with the flag inhis tent, and slept with it by his side in the bivouac.† After consultinghis three surviving b rothers, two of whom were Baptist ministers, WilliamWhilden declined McCrady’s request, essentially on the grounds thatMcCrady had no higher claim to the flag than any other veteran of theregiment. In declining, however, Whilden indicated a willingness to entrustthe flag to a collection of Confederate relics. Following William Whilden’s death in 1896, custody of the battleflag passedto William’s daughter, Mrs. Charles Hard of Greenville. In 1906, Mrs. Harddelivered up the flag to her Uncle Charles’ old friend and messmate, JamesArmstrong, a postwar harbor master of Charleston who had commanded the colorcompany of Gregg’s 1st South Carolina at Spotsylvania. In his letter to Mrs. Hard expressing his appreciation for the flag, Armstrong promised toâ€Å"communicate with the other officers of the Regiment in regard to sending theflag to the State House to be placed alongside of the blue State flag.†Armstrong assured Mrs. Hard that, â€Å"until sent there it will be kept in afire proof vault.† Time passed, and the battleflag remained with the aging Armstrong. Finally,in 1920, Mrs. Hard wrote to Armstrong about the flag. Rose McKevlin,Armstrong’s nurse, responded, informing Mrs. Hard that Armstrong’s leg hadbeen amputated the prior month as a result of a wound he had suffered atSpotsylvania more than half a century previously. The letter explained thatArmstrong had tried to convene a meeting of the surviving officers to discussthe flag but that he had failed to do so, and it concluded with the promisethat Armstrong, being the senior of the two surviving officers of theregiment, would send the flag to the Secretary of State in Columbia to beplaced alongside the blue state colors of the regiment already there. Although the evidence is not conclusive, the old soldier evidently made goodon his nurse’s promise on his behalf by turning over the battleflag tothe state before he died. . PRINCIPAL SOURCESused in preparing this essay1. James Armstrong and Varina D. Brown, â€Å"McGowan’s Brigade at Spotsylvania,†ConfederateVeteran, vol. 33 (1925), pp. 376-379. 2. J.F.J. Caldwell, The History of a Brigade of South Carolinians, KnownFirst as â€Å"Gregg’s,† andSubsequently as â€Å"McGowan’s Brigade† (Dayton, Ohio: Morningside Press, 1984reprint of 1866ed.). 3. Compiled Service Record of CharlesE. Whilden, 1st Regiment, South CarolinaVolunteers,Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizationsfrom the State ofSouth Carolina, War Department Collection of Confederate Records, RecordGroup 109, NationalArchives, Washington, D.C. 4. Fairfax Downey, The Color-Bearers (Mattituck, NY: J. M. Carroll Company,1984). 5. William D. Matt er, If it Takes All Summer, the Battle of Spotsylvania(Chapel Hill: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1988). 6. John Hammond Moore, editor, â€Å"Letters From aSanta Fe ArmyClerk, 1855-1856, CharlesE. Whilden,† New Mexico Historical Review, vol.40,no.2 (April 1965),pp. 141-164 (relating to letters from CharlesE. Whilden to his brother,WilliamG. Whilden, orMrs.WilliamG. Whilden, the originals of which are in the South CarolinianaLibrary). 7. John Belton O’Neall, Biographical Sketches of the Bench and Bar of SouthCarolina(Spartanburg, SC: The Reprint Company, Publishers, 1975), Vol.II, at p.614. 8. Noah Andre Trudeau, Bloody Roads South, the Wilderness to Cold Harbor,May-June 1864(Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1989). 9. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Seventh Census of the United States, 1850, Cityof Detroit, WayneCounty, Michigan, Schedule1-Free Inhabitants, National Archives MicrofilmPub. No.T-6, ReelNo.146, p.8 (reverse). 10. CharlesE. Whilden Letters, 1855-1856, MSS in the South CarolinianaLibrary, University ofSouth Carolina, Columbia, SC. 11. CharlesE. Whilden Letters, 1854-1920, MSS in the South CarolinaHistorical Society,Charleston, SC (which collection also includes letters of Edward McCrady,Jr., WilliamG. Whilden,Mrs. Charles Hard and Rose McKelvin respecting the battleflag of Gregg’s 1stSouth Carolina and atypescript of Ella Hard’s October23, 1969 letter to the Director of Archives,Columbia, SC,respecting her great uncle). 12. Ellen Whilden, Life of Maumer Juno of Charleston, S.C., A Sketch ofJuno (Waller) Seymour(Atlanta, GA: Foote Davies, 1892).